Believe or not the story

Do We Really Come From Monkeys?

2010-09-03T20:05:00.000+07:00

When I was a child there was a story that started out by saying a long, long time ago there was a frog and a beautiful girl and when the girl kissed the frog it became a handsome prince thus you have the following equation.

(FROG + KISS = MAN)

As I grew older the story and the equation changed to read

(FROG + TIME = MAN)

It was the same fairy tale and both supposedly took place a long, long time ago, but the kiss was replaced with time, and the name was changed from the Princess and the Frog by Brothers Grimm, to what some people call modern science or evolution. The thing they have in common is that they are both fairy tales.

Modern Science tells us things like, they found a fossil that was ten million years old.

But wait until you hear how they determine the age of that fossil.

Fossils can not be assigned days through the radiometric dating process, but rather, on the strata (or rock formation) they are found in.

But rocks are also like fossils they can not be dated using radiomaetric dating either.

So let me see if I got this right, In other words, science determines the age of a fossil by the strata that it is found in and they determine the age of the strata by the fossils they find!

You heard right.

Only a Loma Linda Graduated could devise such an intelligent process as that.

Why not use carbon dating? Because carbon dating doesn't work on fossils either.

Carbon dating has its' own insanity, for example. A freshly killed seal was carbon dated as having died at 1300 years ago (Antarctic Journal Vol. 6 Sept-Oct. 1971 p. 211).

Living penguins were carbon dated as being 8000 yrs old.

Now I maybe wrong, (probably not) but it sounds like a lot of fishy information to me.

A Brief Introduction to Climate Change and Global Warming

2010-08-01T12:47:00.002+07:00

One aspect of being a green business is being aware how much carbon and other greenhouse gases the business emits into the atmosphere. We have all heard the terms global warming, climate change and greenhouse gas but as they are often used interchangeably, it can be difficult to understand exactly what these terms mean. However understanding these terms is important before taking action to reduce emissions from the business. Here is a brief guide to the most common terms:

Global Warming: The phrase global warming refers to an overall warming of the planet based on the average temperature over the entire surface. Global warming has both natural and manmade causes with the main manmade cause being increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases spread around the earth forming a cover trapping solar energy that would normally be radiated into space resulting in increased temperatures.

Climate Change: Although the expressions climate change and global warming are used interchangeably, they do mean different things. The term climate change refers to long term regional changes in climate including temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall and severe weather events. Like global warming, climate change has both natural and manmade causes with the manmade causes of climate change being credited to increased levels of greenhouse gases. Natural causes of climate change include the continental drift, volcanoes and ocean currents.

Greenhouse Gases: These gases are what prevent solar radiation from being discharged to space and are the main cause of both climate change and global warming. Some greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbons are synthetic while others such as carbon and water vapour occur naturally in the environment. While some greenhouse gases occur naturally, human beings have altered the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through their activities such as burning coal, oil, natural gas and wood.

Air Pollution: Air pollution is a related problem and many of the pollutants responsible for poor air quality and smog are also greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. Discussions about air pollution usually focus on visibility and air quality but reducing emissions that cause air pollution will also reduce greenhouse gas levels.

Ozone Depletion: Ozone depletion is a different but related problem to climate change and global warming. The ozone layer is a gaseous layer in the upper atmosphere that absorbs ultra violet radiation. A reduction in the ozone layer causes more ultra violet radiation to reach earth which can affect crop growth and cause health problems such as skin cancer. Closer to the earth ozone is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.

The good news is the problem of ozone depletion is understood and measures have been taken to protect the ozone layer. Climate change however is still a serious environmental concern and further action is needed to address it. Having a basic understanding of these terms is the first step in deciding the role your green business has in addressing these issues. Find out more about how the Montreal Protocol may impact refrigerant management in your business. For more information on green business, visit http://www.greenbusinessnotebook.com, a popular website that specializes in green business practices for small to medium enterprises.

Earthquake

2010-07-06T11:44:00.004+07:00

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor, temblor or seismic activity) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are measured with a seismometer; a device which also records is known as a seismograph. The moment magnitude (or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude) of an earthquake is conventionally reported, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale.

At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacing the ground. When a large earthquake epicenter is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami. The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity.

In its most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event — whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans — that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The term epicenter refers to the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter

Naturally occurring earthquakes
Tectonic earthquakes will occur anywhere within the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane. In the case of transform or convergent type plate boundaries, which form the largest fault surfaces on earth, they will move past each other smoothly and aseismically only if there are no irregularities or asperities along the boundary that increase the frictional resistance. Most boundaries do have such asperities and this leads to a form of stick-slip behaviour. Once the boundary has locked, continued relative motion between the plates leads to increasing stress and therefore, stored strain energy in the volume around the fault surface. This continues until the stress has risen sufficiently to break through the asperity, suddenly allowing sliding over the locked portion of the fault, releasing the stored energy. This energy is released as a combination of radiated elastic strain seismic waves, frictional heating of the fault surface, and cracking of the rock, thus causing an earthquake. This process of gradual build-up of strain and stress punctuated by occasional sudden earthquake failure is referred to as the Elastic-rebound theory. It is estimated that only 10 percent or less of an earthquake's total energy is radiated as seismic energy. Most of the earthquake's energy is used to power the earthquake fracture growth or is converted into heat generated by friction. Therefore, earthquakes lower the Earth's available elastic potential energy and raise its temperature, though these changes are negligible compared to the conductive and convective flow of heat out from the Earth's deep interior

Earthquake fault types
There are three main types of fault that may cause an earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip. Normal and reverse faulting are examples of dip-slip, where the displacement along the fault is in the direction of dip and movement on them involves a vertical component. Normal faults occur mainly in areas where the crust is being extended such as a divergent boundary. Reverse faults occur in areas where the crust is being shortened such as at a convergent boundary. Strike-slip faults are steep structures where the two sides of the fault slip horizontally past each other ; transform boundaries are a particular type of strike-slip fault. Many earthquakes are caused by movement on faults that have components of both dip-slip and strike-slip; this is known as oblique slip.

Earthquakes away from plate boundaries
Where plate boundaries occur within continental lithosphere, deformation is spread out over a much larger area than the plate boundary itself. In the case of the San Andreas fault continental transform, many earthquakes occur away from the plate boundary and are related to strains developed within the broader zone of deformation caused by major irregularities in the fault trace (e.g. the “Big bend” region). The Northridge earthquake was associated with movement on a blind thrust within such a zone. Another example is the strongly oblique convergent plate boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian plates where it runs through the northwestern part of the Zagros mountains. The deformation associated with this plate boundary is partitioned into nearly pure thrust sense movements perpendicular to the boundary over a wide zone to the southwest and nearly pure strike-slip motion along the Main Recent Fault close to the actual plate boundary itself. This is demonstrated by earthquake focal mechanisms.

All tectonic plates have internal stress fields caused by their interactions with neighbouring plates and sedimentary loading or unloading (e.g. deglaciation). These stresses may be sufficient to cause failure along existing fault planes, giving rise to intraplate earthquakes

HAITI EARTHQUAKE ORIGINAL VIDEO Security cameras at the U.S. Embassy in Port-au-Prince

2010-07-06T11:42:00.001+07:00

Sinkhole

2010-07-03T20:27:00.002+07:00

A sinkhole, also known as a sink, shake hole, swallow hole, swallet, doline or cenote, is a natural depression or hole in the earth's surface caused by karst processes - the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than 1 to 300 meters (3.3 to 980 ft) both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. They may be formed gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide. These terms are often used interchangeably, though many distinguish between features a surface stream flows into and features with no such input. Only the former are described as sinks, swallow holes or swallets.

The mechanisms of formation involves natural process of erosion[2] or gradual removal of slightly soluble bedrock (such as limestone) by percolating water, the collapse of a cave roof, or a lowering of the water table. Occasionally a sinkhole may exhibit a visible opening into a cave below. In the case of exceptionally large sinkholes, such as Cedar Sink at Mammoth Cave National Park, USA, a stream or river may be visible across its bottom flowing from one side to the other.

Mechanisms
The sinkholes are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by circulating ground water. As the rock dissolves, spaces and caverns develop underground. These sinkholes can be dramatic because the surface land usually stays intact until there is not enough support. Then, a sudden collapse of the land surface can occur.

Sinkholes can be human-induced and new sinkholes have been correlated to land-use practices, especially, from ground-water pumping, construction, and development practices. They can also form when natural water-drainage patterns are changed and new water-diversion systems are developed. Some sinkholes form when the land surface is changed, such as when industrial and runoff-storage ponds are created; the substantial weight of the new material can trigger an underground collapse of supporting material, thus, causing a sinkhole.

Occurrence
Sinkholes may capture surface drainage for running or standing water, but may also form in currently high and dry locations. The state of Florida in the USA is known for having frequent sinkholes, especially in the central part of the state. The Murge area in southern Italy also has numerous sinkholes. Sinkholes can be formed in retention ponds from large amounts of rain.

Sinkholes are usually but not always linked with karst landscapes. In such regions, there may be hundreds or even thousands of sinkholes in a small area so that the surface as seen from the air looks pock-marked, and there are no surface streams because all drainage occurs sub-surface.
The Great Blue Hole, located near Ambergris Caye, Belize.

In the United States, the most damage from sinkholes tends to occur in Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania[citation needed]. Palmyra, Pennsylvania has been referred to as the "Sinkhole Capital of Pennsylvania"[citation needed].

The overburden sediments that cover buried cavities in the aquifer systems are delicately balanced by groundwater fluid pressure. The water below ground is actually helping to keep the surface soil in place. Groundwater pumping for urban water supply and for irrigation can produce new sinkholes in sinkhole-prone areas. If pumping results in a lowering of groundwater levels, then underground structural failure, and thus, sinkholes, can occur.
Sinkholes have been used for centuries as disposal sites for various forms of waste. A consequence of this is the pollution of groundwater resources, with serious health implications in such areas. In contrast, the Maya civilization sometimes used sinkholes in the Yucatán Peninsula (known as cenotes) as places to deposit precious items and sacrifices.

Sinkholes also form from human activity, such as the rare but still occasional collapse of abandoned mines in places like West Virginia, USA. More commonly, sinkholes occur in urban areas due to water main breaks or sewer collapses when old pipes give way. They can also occur from the overpumping and extraction of groundwater and subsurface fluids.

Many sinkholes are found in Northern Michigan. These are prominent in Alpena County in Northeast Michigan. In Lachine, Michigan there are five sinkholes that are found to be very deep and within 2 miles (3.2 km) from each other. Alpena's visitor information cites their sinkholes as an attraction for visitors to the area. In August 1998 a 16 year old Alpena boy survived a 200 feet (61 m)+ fall in an open sinkhole .75 miles (1.2 km) from Leer road in Lachine, Michigan.A majority of sinkholes in Alpena are also found underwater. Many divers explore these on a regular basis.

When sinkholes are very deep or connected to caves, they may offer challenges for experienced cavers or, when water-filled, divers. Some of the most spectacular are the Zacatón cenote in Mexico (the world's deepest water-filled sinkhole), the Boesmansgat sinkhole in South Africa, Sarisariñama tepuy in Venezuela, and in the town of Mount Gambier, South Australia. Sinkholes that form in coral reefs and islands that collapse to enormous depths are known as Blue Holes, and often become popular diving spots.

In the United States, the most damage from sinkholes tends to occur in Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania[citation needed]. Palmyra, Pennsylvania has been referred to as the "Sinkhole Capital of Pennsylvania"[citation needed].

The overburden sediments that cover buried cavities in the aquifer systems are delicately balanced by groundwater fluid pressure. The water below ground is actually helping to keep the surface soil in place. Groundwater pumping for urban water supply and for irrigation can produce new sinkholes in sinkhole-prone areas. If pumping results in a lowering of groundwater levels, then underground structural failure, and thus, sinkholes, can occur.

What has been called a "sinkhole" by the popular press formed suddenly in Guatemala in February 2007 and May 2010. Torrential rains from Tropical Storm Agatha and a bad drainage system were blamed for creating the 2010 "sinkhole" that swallowed a three story building and a house.This large vertical hole measured approximately 66 feet (20 m) wide and 100 feet (30 m) deep. A similar hole had formed nearby in February 2007.

This large vertical hole, which is is called a "sinkhole" in the popular press, is not a true sinkhole as it did not form by the dissolution either of limestone, dolomite, marble, or any other carbonate rock.Guatemala City is not underlain by any carbonate rock. Instead, thick deposits of volcanic ash, unwelded ash flow tuffs, and other pyroclastic debris underlie all of Guatemala City. Thus, it is impossible for the dissolution of carbonate rock to have formed the large vertical holes that swallowed up parts of Guatemala City in 2007 and 2010.

The large holes that swallowed up parts of Guatemala City in 2007 and 2010 are not sinkholes. Instead, this feature is a spectacular example of "piping pseudokarst" created by the collapse of a large cavities that developed in very weak, crumbly Quaternary volcanic deposits that underlie it. Although weak and crumbly, these volcanic deposits have enough cohesion to allow them stand in vertical faces and develop large subterranean voids within them. Initially, a process called "soil piping" created large underground voids as water from leaking water mains flowed through these volcanic deposits and initially washed fine volcanic materials out of them and then progressively eroded and removed coarser materials. Eventually, these underground voids became large enough such that their roofs collapsed to create large holes in 2007 and 2010

Black hole

2010-06-25T15:00:00.003+07:00

A black hole, according to the general theory of relativity, is a region of space from which nothing, including light, can escape. It is the result of the deformation of spacetime caused by a very compact mass. Around a black hole there is an undetectable surface which marks the point of no return, called an event horizon. It is called "black" because it absorbs all the light that hits it, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics.[1] Under the theory of quantum mechanics, black holes possess a temperature and emit Hawking radiation, but for black holes of stellar mass or larger this temperature is much lower than that of the cosmic background radiation.

Despite its invisible interior, a black hole can be observed through its interaction with other matter. A black hole can be inferred by tracking the movement of a group of stars that orbit a region in space. Alternatively, when gas falls into a stellar black hole from a companion star, the gas spirals inward, heating to very high temperatures and emitting large amounts of radiation that can be detected from earthbound and Earth-orbiting telescopes.

Astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates, and have also found evidence of supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies. After observing the motion of nearby stars for 16 years, in 2008 astronomers found compelling evidence that a supermassive black hole of more than 4 million solar masses is located near the Sagittarius A* region in the center of the Milky Way galaxy.

The idea of a body so massive that even light could not escape was first put forward by geologist John Michell in a letter written to Henry Cavendish in 1783 to the Royal Society:

If the semi-diameter of a sphere of the same density as the Sun were to exceed that of the Sun in the proportion of 500 to 1, a body falling from an infinite height towards it would have acquired at its surface greater velocity than that of light, and consequently supposing light to be attracted by the same force in proportion to its vis inertiae, with other bodies, all light emitted from such a body would be made to return towards it by its own proper gravity.
—John Michell[2]
In 1796, mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace promoted the same idea in the first and second editions of his book Exposition du système du Monde (it was removed from later editions).[3][4] Such "dark stars" were largely ignored in the nineteenth century, since light was then thought to be a massless wave and therefore not influenced by gravity.

General relativity
In 1915, Albert Einstein developed his general theory of relativity, having earlier shown that gravity does influence light's motion. A few months later, Karl Schwarzschild gave the solution for the gravitational field of a point mass and a spherical mass.[5] Johannes Droste, a student of Hendrik Lorentz, independently gave the same solution for the point mass a few months after Schwarzschild and wrote more extensively about its properties.[6] This solution had a peculiar behaviour at what is now called the Schwarzschild radius, where it became singular. The nature of this surface was not quite understood at the time. In 1924, Arthur Eddington showed that the singularity disappeared after a change of coordinates (see Eddington coordinates), although it took until 1933 for LeMaître to realize that this meant the singularity at the Schwarzschild radius was an unphysical coordinate singularity.[7]

In 1931, astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated, using general relativity, that a non-rotating body of electron-degenerate matter above 1.44 solar masses (the Chandrasekhar limit) would collapse. His arguments were opposed by many of his contemporaries like Arthur Eddington and Lev Landau, who argued that some yet unknown mechanism would stop the collapse.[8] They were partly correct: a white dwarf slightly more massive than the Chandrasekhar limit will collapse into a neutron star, which is itself stable because of the Pauli exclusion principle. But in 1939, Robert Oppenheimer and others predicted that neutron stars above approximately three solar masses (the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit) would collapse into black holes for the reasons presented by Chandrasekhar, and concluded that no law of physics was likely to intervene and stop at least some stars from collapsing to black holes.[9]

Oppenheimer and his co-authors used Schwarzschild's system of coordinates (the only coordinates available in 1939), which produced mathematical singularities at the Schwarzschild radius, in other words some of the terms in the equations became infinite at the Schwarzschild radius. This was interpreted as indicating that the Schwarzschild radius was the boundary of a bubble in which time stopped. This is a valid point of view for external observers, but not for infalling observers. Because of this property, the collapsed stars were called "frozen stars,"[10] because an outside observer would see the surface of the star frozen in time at the instant where its collapse takes it inside the Schwarzschild radius. This is a known property of modern black holes, but it must be emphasized that the light from the surface of the frozen star becomes redshifted very fast, turning the black hole black very quickly. Many physicists could not accept the idea of time standing still at the Schwarzschild radius, and there was little interest in the subject for over 20 years.

Golden age
See also: golden age of general relativity
In 1958, David Finkelstein introduced the concept of the event horizon by presenting Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates, which enabled him to show that "The Schwarzschild surface r = 2m [in geometrized units, i.e. 2Gm/c2] is not a singularity, but that it acts as a perfect unidirectional membrane: causal influences can cross it in only one direction".This did not strictly contradict Oppenheimer's results, but extended them to include the point of view of infalling observers.

Finkelstein's results came at can at the beginning of period now known as the golden age of general relativity, which is marked by general relatvity and black holes becoming mainstream subjects of research. In 1963, Roy Kerr found the exact solution for a rotating black hole. Two years later, Roger Penrose was able to prove that singularities occur inside any black hole.

In 1967, astronomers discovered pulsars,and within a few years could show that the known pulsars were rapidly rotating neutron stars. Until that time, neutron stars, like black holes,were regarded as just theoretical curiosities. But the discovery of pulsars showed their physical relevance and spurred a further interest in all types of compact objects that might be formed by gravitational collapse.

The term "black hole" was first publicly used by John Wheeler during a lecture in 1967. Although he is usually credited with coining the phrase, he always insisted that it was suggested to him by somebody else. The first recorded use of the term is in a 1964 letter by Anne Ewing to the AAAS. After Wheeler's use of the term, it was quickly adopted in general use. However, the term itself has been controversial among some.

Properties and structure
The no hair theorem states that, once it achieves a stable condition after formation, a black hole has only three independent physical properties: mass, charge, and angular momentum.Any two black holes that share the same values for these properties, or parameters, are classically indistinguishable.

These properties are special because they are visible from outside the black hole. For example, a charged black hole repels other like charges just like any other charged object. Similarly, the total mass inside a sphere containing a black hole can be found by using the gravitational analog of Gauss's law, the ADM mass, far away from the black hole.Likewise, the angular momentum can be measured from far away using frame dragging by the gravitomagnetic field.

When an object falls into a black hole, any information about the shape of the object or distribution of charge on it is evenly distributed along the horizon of the black hole, and is lost to outside observers. The behavior of the horizon in this situation is closely analogous to that of a conductive stretchy membrane with friction and electrical resistance, a dissipative system (see membrane paradigm).This is different from other field theories like electromagnetism, which does not have any friction or resistivity at the microscopic level, because they are time reversible. Because the black hole eventually achieves a stable state with only three parameters, there is no way to avoid losing information about the initial conditions: the gravitational and electric fields of the black hole give very little information about what went in. The information that is lost includes every quantity that cannot be measured far away from the black hole horizon, including the total baryon number, lepton number, and all the other nearly conserved pseudo-charges of particle physics. This behavior is so puzzling, that it has been called the black hole information loss paradox.

Physical properties
The simplest black hole has mass but neither charge nor angular momentum. These black holes are often referred to as Schwarzschild black holes after the physicist Karl Schwarzschild who discovered this solution in 1915. According to Birkhoff's theorem, it is the only vacuum solution that is spherically symmetric. This means that there is no observable difference between the gravitational field of such a black hole and that of any other spherical object of the same mass. The popular notion of a black hole "sucking in everything" in its surroundings is therefore only correct near the black hole horizon; far away, the external gravitational field is identical to that of any other body of the same mass.

Solutions describing more general black holes also exist. Charged black holes are desribed by the Reissner-Nordström metric, while the Kerr metric describes a rotating black hole. The most general stationary black hole solution known is the Kerr-Newman metric, which describes a black hole with both charge and angular momentum.

While the mass of a black hole can take any positive value, the charge and angular momentum are constrained by the mass. In natural units, the total charge Q and the total angular momentum J are expected to satisfy

for a black hole of mass M. Black holes saturating this inequality are called extremal. Solutions of Einstein's equations violating the inequality exist, but do not have a horizon. These solutions have naked singularities and are deemed unphysical. The cosmic censorship hypothesis rules out the formation of such singularities through the gravitational collapse of realistic matter. This is supported by numerical simulations.

Due to the relatively large strength of the electromagnetic force, black holes forming from the collapse of stars are expected to retain the nearly neutral charge of the star. Rotation, however, is expected to be a common feature of compact objects, and the black-hole candidate binary X-ray source GRS 1915+105appears to have an angular momentum near the maximum allowed value.

Black holes are commonly classified according to their mass, independent of angular momentum J or electric charge Q. The size of a black hole, as determined by the radius of the event horizon, or Schwarzschild radius, is roughly proportional to the mass M through

where rsh is the Schwarzschild radius and MSun is the mass of the Sun. This relation is exact only for black holes with zero charge and angular momentum, for more general black holes it can differ up to a factor of 2. The table on the right lists the various classes of black hole that are distinguished.

Event horizon
The defining feature of a black hole is the appearance of an event horizon—a boundary in spacetime through which matter and light can only pass inward towards the mass of the black hole. Nothing, including light, can escape from inside the event horizon. The event horizon is referred to as such because if an event occurs within the boundary, light from that event cannot reach an outside observer, making it impossible to determine if such an event occurred.

As predicted by general relativity, the presence of a large mass deforms spacetime in such a way that the paths particles take bend towards the mass. At the event horizon of a black hole, this deformation becomes so strong that there are no paths that lead away from the black hole.

To a distant observer, clocks near a black hole appear to tick more slowly than those further away from the black hole.Due to this effect, known as gravitational time dilation, an object falling into a black hole appears to slow down as it approaches the event horizon, taking an infinite time to reach it.At the same time, all processes on this object slow down causing emitted light to appear redder and dimmer, an effect known as gravitational redshift.Eventually, at a point just before it reaches the event horizon, the falling object becomes so dim that it can no longer be seen.

On the other hand, an observer falling into a black hole does not notice any of these effects as he crosses the event horizon. According to his own clock, he crosses the event horizon after a finite time, although he is unable to determine exactly when he crosses it, as it is impossible to determine the location of the event horizon from local observations.

For a non rotating (static) black hole, the Schwarzschild radius delimits a spherical event horizon. The Schwarzschild radius of an object is proportional to the mass.Rotating black holes have distorted, nonspherical event horizons. Since the event horizon is not a material surface but rather merely a mathematically defined demarcation boundary, nothing prevents matter or radiation from entering a black hole, only from exiting one. The description of black holes given by general relativity is known to be an approximation, and some scientists expect that quantum gravity effects will become significant near the vicinity of the event horizon. This would allow observations of matter near a black hole's event horizon to be used to indirectly study general relativity and proposed extensions to it

Deepest Hole in the World

2010-06-07T07:01:00.001+07:00

Lake Peigneur sinkhole disaster

2010-06-07T06:59:00.000+07:00

Video, images of Giant Sinkhole in Guatemala City

2010-06-07T06:58:00.000+07:00

TOP 20 MOST UNBELIEVABLE PHOTOS PART 21

2010-05-26T20:33:00.000+07:00

Mysteries of Deep Space: Black Holes

2010-05-16T19:01:00.001+07:00

Robinho skills and goals by iplayfutbool

2010-04-14T11:25:00.000+07:00

Believe it or not this people exist part 4

2010-04-08T19:57:00.000+07:00

REAL NASA PHOTO:HUMANOID on MARS Surface

2010-02-20T11:20:00.000+07:00

Space Station Domination

2010-02-08T23:47:00.001+07:00

The Beauty Of Stars Being Born

2010-01-21T19:56:00.001+07:00

Total Solar Eclipse 2006

2010-01-17T07:44:00.000+07:00

Laser Pumped Flying Saucer Spacecraft

2010-01-09T15:18:00.000+07:00

The Search For Earth-Like Planets

2010-01-09T15:15:00.000+07:00

5of5 -- The Universe - Spaceship Earth

2010-01-06T21:07:00.001+07:00

4of5 -- The Universe - Spaceship Earth

2010-01-06T21:06:00.002+07:00

3of5 -- The Universe - Spaceship Earth

2010-01-06T21:06:00.001+07:00

2of5 -- The Universe - Spaceship Earth

2010-01-06T21:05:00.001+07:00

1of5 -- The Universe - Spaceship Earth

2010-01-06T21:03:00.001+07:00

Yamakasi on Ripley's Believe It or Not

2010-01-05T00:31:00.001+07:00

Big bang

2009-12-15T19:41:00.001+07:00

How big is the Universe?

2009-12-15T19:31:00.000+07:00

Journey to the Edge of the Universe

2009-12-15T19:30:00.000+07:00

Size Of The Universe

2009-12-15T19:29:00.000+07:00

UFO's Nasa Confirm December 21, 2012 End of the World

2009-11-26T20:44:00.001+07:00

The biggest star known to man

2009-11-17T21:27:00.001+07:00

Hubble Telescope--Images of the Universe

2009-11-17T21:25:00.000+07:00

Look! Up in the Sky! The Very Best of Hubble

2009-11-17T21:24:00.000+07:00

Hubblecast 01: The Comet Galaxy

2009-11-17T21:21:00.001+07:00

Massive Solar Storms

2009-11-14T07:58:00.000+07:00

Soccer Player Collapses on the Field and Later Dies

2009-11-12T21:28:00.001+07:00

Soccer Player Dies During Game

2009-11-12T21:26:00.000+07:00

SUDDEN "DEATH" OF A SOCCER (Football) PLAYER!?

2009-11-12T21:25:00.000+07:00

The two most important crop circles ever. No joke

2009-11-10T19:20:00.001+07:00

Secret of Crop circles...You have to spin them,,,duh

2009-11-10T19:19:00.001+07:00

THE SCIENCE OF CROP CIRCLES

2009-11-10T19:18:00.001+07:00

111 Crop Circles Images

2009-11-10T19:17:00.000+07:00

Crop Circle Documentary - Cropcircles 2012 Film

2009-11-10T19:16:00.001+07:00

Cold War: Berlin Blockade - part 5/5

2009-11-09T21:57:00.002+07:00

Cold War: Berlin Blockade - part 4/5

2009-11-09T21:57:00.001+07:00

Cold War: Berlin Blockade - part 3/5

2009-11-09T21:56:00.002+07:00

Cold War: Berlin Blockade - part 2/5

2009-11-09T21:56:00.001+07:00

Cold War: Berlin Blockade - part 1/5

2009-11-09T21:54:00.000+07:00

2012 GALACTIC EVENT- End of WORLD NEAR?

2009-11-02T22:40:00.001+07:00

December 21 2012 the END? (Part 6 of 6).

2009-11-02T22:24:00.003+07:00

Dec 21, 2012 - End of the World? - Part 5 of 6, Part 6 - N.A

2009-11-02T22:24:00.001+07:00

Dec 21, 2012 - End of the World? - Part 4 of 6

2009-11-02T22:23:00.003+07:00

Dec 21, 2012 - End of the World? - Part 3 of 6

2009-11-02T22:23:00.001+07:00

SuperWave Theory 2012 Earth Changes 3 of 3

2009-11-02T22:20:00.001+07:00

SuperWave Theory 2012 Earth Changes 2 of 3

2009-11-02T22:19:00.002+07:00

SuperWave Theory 2012 Earth Changes 1 of 3

2009-11-02T22:19:00.001+07:00

Lost Books of Nostradamus 2012 and Ophiuchus 1 of 3

2009-11-02T22:18:00.001+07:00

Lost Books of Nostradamus 2012 and Ophiuchus 2 of 3

2009-11-02T22:17:00.002+07:00

Lost Books of Nostradamus 2012 and Ophiuchus 3 of 3

2009-11-02T22:17:00.001+07:00

December 21 2012 THE END

2009-11-02T22:16:00.001+07:00

Dec 21, 2012 - End of the World? - Part 2 of 6

2009-11-02T22:15:00.001+07:00

Dec 21, 2012 - End of the World? - Part 1 of 6

2009-11-02T22:08:00.001+07:00

Routing Cassini through space to Titan - BBC

2009-10-29T21:29:00.000+07:00

Scientists research surface of the Titan moon - BBC

2009-10-29T21:28:00.001+07:00

Does the planet need saving? - Earth - The Power of the Planet - BBC

2009-10-28T10:06:00.000+07:00

No Internet Know Zombies

2009-10-27T07:41:00.001+07:00

Welcome to the Hubble Universe: Nebula & Galaxies: A Cosmic Journey

2009-10-26T18:52:00.000+07:00

Black Hole Montage - NASA Galaxy Big Bang - PHJ

2009-10-26T18:42:00.001+07:00

ONE SECOND BEFORE THE BIG BANG

2009-10-26T18:41:00.002+07:00

Big bang

2009-10-26T18:41:00.001+07:00

How big is the Universe?

2009-10-26T18:40:00.001+07:00

Black Holes, Neutron Stars, White Dwars, Space and Time

2009-10-26T18:39:00.001+07:00

anuary Festival - Best of Future Shorts 2008

2009-10-26T18:35:00.000+07:00

The Top 10 Greatest Hoaxes of All Time

2009-10-25T07:48:00.000+07:00

Strange Japanese Sea Creatures

2009-10-21T23:03:00.001+07:00

Before Time and Space

2009-10-21T22:57:00.000+07:00

How To Time Travel

2009-10-21T22:55:00.000+07:00

First Photos of Distant Planets Unveiled

2009-10-21T19:42:00.000+07:00

Meet the Supermassive Black Hole experts - BBC science

2009-10-21T19:40:00.001+07:00

Space junk yard - The Satellite Story - BBC science

2009-10-21T12:22:00.000+07:00

Observe the International Space Station

2009-10-20T20:53:00.001+07:00

Find a Galaxy

2009-10-20T20:51:00.001+07:00

Interview With The 9 Year Old Hockey Star

2009-10-19T20:17:00.000+07:00

Unbelievable lucky people

2009-10-17T16:10:00.000+07:00

Swedish(danish) goalkeeper cheating Kim Christensen [Incredable and unbelievable

2009-10-17T16:05:00.001+07:00

How to make Hot Ice!!! Crazy

2009-10-06T22:40:00.001+07:00

Crazy! Water freezing to ice!

2009-10-06T22:39:00.001+07:00

HIGH DEFINITION HUGE MANITOBA TORNADO! June 23, 2007

2009-10-04T06:17:00.000+07:00

Super Hurricanes

2009-10-04T06:16:00.000+07:00

The Largest Black Holes in the Universe

2009-10-04T06:14:00.001+07:00

Bad Astronomy: Black Hole Death Rays

2009-10-04T06:11:00.001+07:00

Top 10 Impossible shots

2009-10-02T00:05:00.000+07:00

korean archery - challenge the impossible

2009-09-29T20:17:00.000+07:00

National Geographic - History Of Earth's Oceans

2009-09-25T19:23:00.001+07:00

Travel Guide - Seaworld, Orlando

2009-09-25T18:55:00.000+07:00

Wet 'n' Wild - Orlando, Florida - en Francais

2009-09-25T18:53:00.000+07:00

Wild Adventures Valdosta Georgia Boomerang Roller Coaster

2009-09-25T18:51:00.001+07:00

Ripleys Believe It or Not St. Augustine Georgia

2009-09-25T18:49:00.001+07:00

The Impossible Bridge

2009-09-22T23:35:00.000+07:00

amazing pictures of the world

2009-09-21T17:27:00.001+07:00